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ãäªÊÊããè ¶ããØãÀãè ‡ãŠÊãã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠãè Ô©ãã¹ã¶ãã ÌãÓãà 1973 ½ãñâ ÔãâÔ㪠´ãÀã ¹ãããäÀ¦ã †‡ãŠ ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã ´ãÀã '¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠãñ ãäªÊÊããè ¼ãÀ ½ãñâ ÍãÖÀãè ‚ããõÀ ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ããè¾ã ãä¡û•ãヶ㠇ãŠãè Ôããöª¾ãúããñ£ã‡ãŠ Øãì¥ãÌ㦦ãã ‡ãñŠ ¹ããäÀÀàã¥ã, ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ‚ããõÀ ÀŒã-ÀŒããÌã ºããÌã¦ã ÔãÊããÖ ªñ¶ãñ ¦ã©ãã ãäÌããä¼ã¶¶ã Ô©ãã¶ããè¾ã ãä¶ã‡ãŠã¾ããñâ ‡ãŠãñ †ñÔãñ ãä¶ã½ããå㠇ãŠã¾ããÃñâ ¾ãã ƒâ•ããèãä¶ã¾ãÀãè ãä‰ãоãã‡ãŠÊãã¹ããñâ ‡ãŠãè ¹ããäÀ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¾ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ‡ãñŠ ºããÀñ ½ãñâ ¹ãÀã½ãÍãà ‚ããõÀ ½ããØãêÍãö㠪ñ¶ãñ` ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ‡ãŠãè ØãƒÃ ©ããè, •ããñ ‚ããÔã-¹ããÔã ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÀñŒãã ¾ãã Ôããöª¾ãúããñ£ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÍãñÓã¦ãã ¾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãñŠ ªã¾ãÀñ ½ãñâ ¹ãÆª¦¦ã ãä‡ãŠÔããè ÔããÌãÕããä¶ã‡ãŠ ÔãìãäÌã£ãã ¹ãÀ ‚ãÔãÀ ¡ãÊã¦ããè Öãñ ¾ãã ãä•ãÔã‡ãñŠ ‚ãÔãÀ ¡ãÊã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã Öãñ ý
ãäªÊÊããè ¶ããØãÀãè ‡ãŠÊãã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠ ØãŸ¶ã ‡ãñŠ ºã㪠‡ãñŠ ÌãÓããñÃâ ½ãñâ ãäªÊÊããè ‡ãñŠ àãñ¨ã¹ãŠÊã ½ãñâ ‡ãŠã¹ãŠãè ºãü¤ãñ¦ãÀãè ÖìƒÃ Öõ ‚ããõÀ ½ã‡ãŠã¶ããñâ ‡ãŠã Ôã£ã¶ã¦ãã ‡ãñŠ ‚ãã£ããÀ ¹ãÀ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öì‚ãã Öõ, ƒÔãÔãñ ½ãîÊã ‚ããä£ãªñÍã ½ãñâ Ôãì¹ãìªÃ ‡ãŠã¾ããñÃâ ‡ãŠãè Ôãã©ãÇ㊦ãã ‚ããõÀ ¼ããè ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ºãü¤ ØãƒÃ Öõ ý ‚ãºã ¹ããäÀÌãñÍã ‚ããõÀ ãäÌãÀãÔã¦ã ‚ããä¦ã ‚ããÌã;ã‡ãŠ ÔãÀãñ‡ãŠãÀ ºã¶ã Øã¾ãñ Öö, ¦ã©ãã •ãÖãâ ãä¶ã¥ãþã‡ãŠãÀãè ãä¶ã‡ãŠã¾ããñâ ‡ãŠãè Ôã⌾ãã †‡ãŠ Ôãñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ Öãñ, ÌãÖãùâ Ôã½ãØãÆ ÍãÖÀ ‡ãŠãñ †‡ãŠ Ôãî¨ã ½ãñâ ºãâã£ãñ ÀŒã¶ãñ ½ãñâ ¹ãÖÊãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãìÊã¶ãã ½ãñâ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã䟶ãヾããâ ¹ãõªã Öãñ ÀÖãè Öö †ñÔããè ãäÔ©ããä¦ã ½ãò ÍãÖÀ ‡ãñŠ Ü㛇㊠¦ã¦Ìããñâ ‡ãñŠ ¼ããäÌãӾ㠇ãŠãñ Êãñ‡ãŠÀ †‡ãŠ ãäÌãû•ã¶ã (Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã) ‡ãŠãè ½ãÖ¦ããè ‚ããÌã;ã‡ãЦãã Öõ ý
ãä¹ãœÊãñ ÔããÊã ‚ã¹ãÆõÊã 2005 ½ãñâ Ìã¦ãýãã¶ã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠ ¹ãªÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ Öãè ¶ã¾ãñ ãäªÍãã-ãä¶ãªñÃÍããñâ ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã ãäªÊÊããè ¶ããØãÀãè ‡ãŠÊãã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ¶ãñ ¶ãØãÀ Ô¦ãÀ ‡ãñŠ Ôã¼ããè ½ãìÿãñâ (¹ã©ã Ôã••ãã Ôãñ Êãñ‡ãŠÀ ¼ãÌã¶ããñâ ‡ãŠãè Ôã£ã¶ã¦ãã †Ìãâ ãäàããä¦ã•ã ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã) ‡ãñŠ ºããÀñ ½ãñâ Ôã½ãØãƦãã¹ãî¥ãà ªðãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¥ã ‚ã¹ã¶ãã¶ãñ ¦ã©ãã ãäÌããä¼ã¶¶ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌããñâ ¹ãÀ Ô©ãÊããñâ ‡ãñŠ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ Ìã ‚ãÌããäÔ©ããä¦ã ‡ãñŠ ‚ã¶ãìÔããÀ „¶ã‡ãŠãè „¦‡ãðŠÓ›¦ãã ‡ãñŠ ‚ã¶ãì¹ã Œ㠂ã¹ã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãè ¶ããèãä¦ã •ããÀãè ÀŒããè ý
‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠã ¹ãƽãìŒã ÔãÀãñ‡ãŠãÀ, ‚ãØãÀ 1970 ‡ãñŠ ªÍã‡ãŠ ½ãñâ ‚ããä¶ã¾ãâãä¨ã¦ã ØãØã¶ã Þã콺ããè ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ããñâ ‡ãñŠ ½ãìÿãñâ ‡ãñŠ ºããÀñ ½ãñâ ©ãã, ‚ããõÀ 1980 ‡ãñŠ ªÍã‡ãŠ ½ãñâ †ãäÍã¾ããƒÃ ŒãñÊããñâ ‡ãñŠ ‚ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã Ôãñ •ãìü¡ñ ½ãìÿãñâ ¦ã©ãã 1990 ‡ãñŠ ªÍã‡ãŠ ½ãñâ ´ãÀ‡ãŠã ‡ãñŠ ãä¶ã½ããå㠆Ìãâ ¶ãƒÃ ãäªÊÊããè ºãâØãÊãã û•ããñ¶ã àãñ¨ã ‡ãŠãñ ÔãìãäÔ©ãÀ-Ôãâ¦ãìãäÊã¦ã ºã¶ãã¾ãñ ÀŒã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ÔãÀãñ‡ãŠãÀãñâ ‡ãŠãñ Êãñ‡ãŠÀ ©ãã, ÌãÖãèâ Ìã¦ãýãã¶ã ªÍã‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠ ½ã쌾ã ÔãÀãñ‡ãŠãÀ ÞããÀ ½ãìÿãñâ - ŒãìÊãñ ÖÌããªãÀ ¹ããäÀÔãÀãñâ, ¶ãªãè àãñ¨ããñâ ‚ããõÀ Ìã¶ãàãñ¨ã ‡ãŠãñ Œã¦ãÀñ ‡ãñŠ ÍãñÓã ½ãã½ãÊããñâ, †ãä¦ãÖããäÔã‡ãŠ ‚ããºããªãè ƒÊãã‡ãŠãñâ ½ãñâ •ããèÌã¶ã ‡ãŠãè Øãì¥ãÌ㦦ãã, •ããè¥ãÃÍããè¥ãà Ìã •ã•ãÃÀ ƒÊãã‡ãŠãñâ ‡ãñŠ ÔãìÂãäÞã¹ãî¥ãà ‡ãŠã¾ãã‡ãŠÊ¹ã ‡ãŠãñ Ôãìãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãÂÀ¦ã ¦ã©ãã ¾ãã¦ãã¾ãã¦ã ¶ãñ›Ìã‡ãÊ (½ããØããñÃâ) ‡ãŠãñ ½ãã¶ãÌããè¾ã •ããèÌã¶ã ‡ãŠãè Ààãã ‡ãŠãè ŒãããäÔã¾ã¦ã ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ÔãìãäÌã£ãã•ã¶ã‡ãŠ ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãè •ãÂÀ¦ã ‡ãŠãñ Êãñ‡ãŠÀ Öõâ ý ¶ãØãÀ Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã ½ãìÿãñâ ‡ãŠãñ „•ããØãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ºããÀñ ½ãñâ ãäªÊÊããè ¶ããØãÀãè ‡ãŠÊãã ‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãŠã ½ãÖ¦Ìã¹ãî¥ãà ¹ãƾããÔã ãä¹ãœÊãñ ÌãÓãà ''ãäªÊÊããè ‡ãŠã ¼ããÌããè ÔÌã¹ã - ƒ½ãñãäû•ããä¶ãâØã ãäªÊÊããè`` ¶ãã½ã‡ãŠ ¹ãƪÍãöããè ‡ãñŠ ‚ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ‡ãŠã ©ãã, ãä•ãÔã‡ãñŠ ºã㪠Ôã½ãã¶ã ¹ã Ôãñ ½ãÖ¦Ìã¹ãî¥ãà †‡ãŠ ‚ã¶¾ã ¹ãÆ¾ããÔã ¼ããÌããè ãä¡û•ãヶ㠂ããä¼ã‡ãŠÊ¹ããñâ ‡ãñŠ ½ããù¡Êã ÔÌã¹㠽ãã¶ã‡ãŠ ÔãâÀÞã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ¤ãúÞããñâ ‡ãñŠ ÔãÆû•ã¶ã ‡ãŠã ©ãã ý
‚ãã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠ ½ã쌾ã ãä‰ãоãã‡ãŠÊãã¹ã ‚ãÔã⌾ã Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã / ÔãÀãñ‡ãŠãÀãñâ ½ãñâ ãäÌãÔ¦ããè¥ãà ÀÖñ Öõâ ý ‚ãã¾ããñØã ¶ãñ ¶ã† ½ãñ›Èãñ ½ããØããñÃâ ¦ã©ãã ÀãӛȽãâ¡Êã ŒãñÊããñâ ‡ãŠãè ¹ããäÀ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã‚ããñâ ¦ã©ãã Ìã¦ãýãã¶ã ÔãâÔ©ãã¶ããñâ ‡ãñŠ ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀãñâ ‡ãŠãè „¶ã½ãò ãä¶ããä֦㠹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ã-¹ããäÀÌãñÍã ¦ã©ãã †ãä¦ãÖããäÔã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãä¦ãÌãñÍã ‡ãñŠ Ôã⪼ãà ½ãñâ •ããâÞã ¹ãÀŒã ‡ãŠãè ý ÍããÖ•ãÖãâ¶ããºã㪠‡ãñŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãã‡ãŠÊ¹ã ‡ãñŠ „¹ãã¾ããñâ ‡ãŠãè ¹ãÖÞãã¶ã ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ̾ãã¹ããè ‡ãŠã¾ãêã¾ãÀñ ÌããÊããè †•ãñâãäÔã¾ããñâ ‡ãŠãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ-ãäÌã½ãÍãà ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ºãìÊãã¾ãã Øã¾ãã ý ÔãâÀÞã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ¤ãâÞãñ ÔãìÊã¼ã ‡ãŠÀã¶ã ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ‚ãã¾ããñØã ´ãÀã Íãì ‡ãŠãè ØãƒÃ ‚ãØãÆØãã½ããè ¹ããäÀ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã‚ããñâ ‡ãñŠ ‚㶦ãØãæã ãäŒãü¡‡ãŠãè ØããùâÌã ‡ãñŠ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã ¦ã©ãã ¶ãƒÃ ãäªÊÊããè ¶ãØãÀ ¹ãããäÊã‡ãŠã ¹ããäÀÓ㪠‡ãŠãè û•ããñ¶ãÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã ¹ãÀ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè ‡ãñŠ ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã Íãããä½ãÊã ©ãñ ý ¹ããäÀÌãÖ¶ã-‡ãŠãÀãè¡ãñÀãñâ (Ôã½ããä¹ãæ㠽ããØããñâÃ) ‡ãñŠ Ôãì£ããÀ ‚ããõÀ ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ ‡ãñŠ ‚ããä¦ã ‚ããÌã;ã‡ãŠ ½ãìÿãñâ ‚ããõÀ „¶ã‡ãñŠ Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã ¹ãÀ ‡ãŠã¹ãŠãè Ôã½ã¾ã ÊãØãã‡ãŠÀ ÔããñÞã ãäÌãÞããÀ ãä‡ãоãã Øã¾ãã Öõ ý ãäªÊÊããè ‡ãñŠ ½ããÔ›À ¹Êãã¶ã ¹ãÀ ÞãÞããà ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ‚ãã¾ããñØã ¶ãñ †‡ãŠ Ôãñãä½ã¶ããÀ ‡ãŠã ‚ãã¾ããñ•ã¶ã ãä‡ãоãã ¦ã©ãã ¹ãîÌããèà ãäªÊÊããè ‚ããõÀ •ãÌããÖÀÊããÊã ¶ãñÖ ԛñã䡾ã½ã ‡ãñŠ ºããèÞã ¹ãÆÔ¦ãããäÌã‡ãŠ Ôã½¹ã‡ãÊ ½ããØãà (ãäÊãâ‡ãŠ Àãñ¡) ‡ãñŠ ½ãìÿãñâ ¹ãÀ ãäÌãÞããÀ ½ãâ©ã¶ã ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã¾ãñ ƒÞœì‡ãŠ ÌããÔ¦ãì‡ãŠãÀãñâ ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠ ºãõŸ‡ãŠ ºãìÊããƒÃ ØãƒÃ ý
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